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Thursday, July 23, 2026

AI tool or 'propagandists' technology'

This is the latest post to the Reading Room:  

https://inter-linear.blogspot.com/2026/07/looting-science-fiction-pillage-de.html

Why reference it here?

1. AI translation (and inter-linear display) might make an important article more widely read.

2. AI is a tool (author's opinion, although arguably more than "an opinion") and translation can be used for good, not ill.

3. AI in its applications is widely controversial and discussed these days . . . but it is not going away. It is best to sample important analyses and get our heads straight about what's what.

4. The (referenced) article in the Reading Room is in English and worth reading in any language (see--https://aeon.co/essays/silicon-valley-has-a-science-fiction-problem). 

5. Careful reading--in any language--is mandatory these days . . . and another much discussed topic, i.e., Can you actually read more than 150 characters at a sitting? and how can you, do you understand what you read?

For more, consult these (I trust) authorities, https://www.youtube.com/@VanessaWing%C3%A5rdh and https://www.youtube.com/@HouseofEl

JKM
23.07.26 

 

Sunday, March 8, 2026

I wonder?

My Guru [a philosophy student/teacher friend],


So I have been reading from your library, and I must say some of this stuff is very heady, that is one could easily get lost in mere exploration as well as just trying to discern what some of these men(!) are trying to say.

Now, whether you are aware of it or not, I have been working on an interlinear translation project for over a year. Put this together with the above and I get:

What if we had an application that took sentences or paragraphs from one of the works of one of your esteemed men and translated from the language given, example English, and with the assistance of an expert or [group of] curated commentators gave paraphrases or glosses of the words presented?

This would be like an interlinear "translation" of English to explanatory/more accessible English plus where needed a "gloss" of particular word/phrase meanings.

Does an expert or group of curated commentators exist to help accomplish this task? Yes, with qualification. An LLM, large language model, that thing that AI/chatbots rely upon to answer questions and prompts, is hypothetically an expert with ready access to huge amounts of words from all kinds of sources that could answer like an expert, one that would need to be proofread to make sure there is no hallucination or other error/omission creeping in to the translated response . . . I know, an omission creeping in is a contradiction, but you get the idea.

Is there a group of curated commentators available in the AI world to provide the same or finer-grained responses suitable for elucidating, making more accessible the sometimes difficult to understand/decode male marvels of today and yesterday? I believe so, at least one that holds that as a capability. Perplexity is perhaps one tool.

Can one ask Perplexity to decode sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph a given source text using say, a well-curated dictionary or encyclopedia? I don't see why not. Here is an example with which we can try this experiment.

I term its matter\ but that which so determines * the manifold of appearance that it allows of being ordered 2 in certain re- lations, I term the form of appearance. That in which alone the sensations can be posited and ordered in a certain form, cannot itself be sensation; and therefore, while the matter of all appearance is given to us a posteriori only, its form must lie ready for the sensations a priori in the mind, and so must allow of being considered apart from all sensation.

Given the above quotation, write a line by line translation into simpler English using as necessary the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as a reference. Format your response as an interlinear document where each source sentence is followed below it with the translation/gloss.

Here is the output from Perplexity.

[begin response]

"I term its matter"
→ I call this the **matter** of the appearance.

"but that which so determines * the manifold of appearance"
→ But that which structures the many elements of the appearance.

"that it allows of being ordered 2 in certain re- lations,"
→ In such a way that they can be arranged in specific relations to one another,

"I term the form of appearance."
→ I call this the **form** of the appearance.

"That in which alone the sensations can be posited and ordered in a certain form,"
→ That in which alone sensations can be placed and organized into a definite pattern,

"cannot itself be sensation;"
→ Cannot itself be a sensation,

"and therefore, while the matter of all appearance is given to us a posteriori only,"
→ And therefore, although the matter of every appearance is given to us only from experience (a posteriori),

"its form must lie ready for the sensations a priori in the mind,"
→ Its form must already be present in the mind before experience (a priori), ready to structure incoming sensations,

"and so must allow of being considered apart from all sensation."
→ And so this form can be thought about independently of any particular sensations.

[end response]

The sources for the above response are the following.

1.https://www.academia.edu/90445815/Kants_Ontology_of_Appearances_and_the_Synthetic_Apriori
2.http://depts.washington.edu/lsearlec/TEXTS/KANT/CR_PURE_R/2-AESTH.HTM
3.http://web.stanford.edu/class/history34q/readings/Kant/CritiqueAesthetic.html
4.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/
5.https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason/Volume_1/Part_1
6.https://hume.ucdavis.edu/phi175/appearance.html
7.https://web.stanford.edu/class/history34q/readings/Kant/CritiqueAesthetic.html
8.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-aesthetics/
9.https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason_(Meiklejohn)/Volume_1/Part_1
10.https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/kant-aesthetics/

Now, as my philosophic guru, how did the experiment work out? or just ignore this sidetrack adventure and discard. No obligation to respond.

​For my part, I will continue to play with this idea. Beats other diversions to avoid Alzheimer's.

Side note: Perplexity nailed the source which was not given in the question/prompt.

With respect,
an unrepentant student

---
PS AI did not write or improve or approve of this missive.

[Comment. The source text should have been prepared for machine processing. For example, how can it interpret '/' or '*'? In addition, the prompt says line by line and by sentence. Which should it be? Sentence level should be the choice, for the translation is to make sense of sense units, and in a difficult passage, that is where the reader usually trips up. Of course, s/he can use a dictionary to decode the smaller bits. If the philosopher is using a term in a special sense, the dictionary or word/phrase gloss is not always helpful. Here the better machine translator, not a person in this case, would pick up the fact that something is being used in a special, perhaps wholly unique, sense. Common philosophical discourse uses a priori and the like, and these need not be interpreted, although in the above they are with the common term for the genre in parentheses, which helps understanding.]

Thursday, February 5, 2026

Whole French Language (reading and practice)

 

For an interesting example of interlinear reading for language acquisition, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svUZWwqZkC4. Presentation based on The whole French language by Robertson, T. (Théodore), 1803-1871.

 
 Interlinear and bilingual texts are great ways to learn/acquire languages since through language we know they make the input in the target language comprehensible. Thus, one wouldn't be wrong at all to call these books a great source of comprehensible input, a term coined by Stephen Krashen. The book at hand, Whole French Language, 650+ pages total, written by T. Robertson and authorship of which dates back to mid-19th century, consists of such interlinear and bilingual text enriched with multiple practical exercises, grammar lessons and a synopsis of the French language attached to the end of the book.
 

For more on reading to acquire L2 based on theory and some research, see Stephen Krashen via these links.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Krashen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_hypothesis 

Monday, January 26, 2026

Summary to date*

 
interlinear displays

Bilingual books, why not?

 AI generated answer to the conventional bilingual book format.

Bilingual book formats typically use
side-by-side text (facing pages or same page), alternating paragraphs, or a story in one language with key terms in another (glossary/footnote style), often with distinct fonts/colors for visual cues, allowing for direct comparison or reading in one language while learning the other. Common structures include the "flipped book" (one language then the other when reversed) and digital versions with select-able text or integrated translations. 
 
Common Formats
  • Facing Pages/Side-by-Side: The most common print format, with one language on the left page and its translation on the right, or one above the other on the same page.
  • Alternating Paragraphs: Text flows from one language to the next, often with a visual break or color change to separate them.
  • Flipped/Reversible Book: One language reads from front to back, and when flipped, the other language reads from back to front.
  • Piecemeal/Glossary Style: Primarily in one language, with key words or phrases in the second language, often with explanations in footnotes or an end glossary.
  • E-book Format: Can use a similar structure, often with the second language starting after the first, or interactive elements to show translations, notes this GitHub page. 
Design Tips
  • Font & Color: Use distinct fonts (serif/sans-serif) or colors for each language to help readers differentiate them quickly.
  • Proximity: Keep the corresponding texts close together to maintain the connection.
  • Structure: Use neutral chapter/section titles (e.g., "Part 1") to avoid confusion in bilingual tables of contents.
  • Clarity: Ensure paragraphs aren't too long to fit within the layout.
Question: Why not inter-linear as a possibility for formatting a bilingual book?