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Saturday, September 20, 2025

Musing futures

Long-form interlinear translations are available online, that is ones not having to do with biblical or scriptural texts. Fiction mostly, but there is some non-fiction to be found. The interlinear examples, many published for online or physical book reading, show words/phrases aligned with the source's text. This is a first step toward getting closer and closer to contextual meaning, e.g., based on historical understanding of language items, hermeneutics, etymology of a word, ngram (frequency of word usage over time), etc.

Which of the current tools included in the set of experiments shows promise for use in creating long-form interlinear translations (of course, here we refer to the softened understanding of interlinear here termed inter-linea). For discussion purposes, see https://jkm.free.nf/inter-linea/w4word.html.

A product of the above word/phrase approach based on character count limitation per line is below, without entirely correct alignment and no glossing, but serviceable I believe. If so, perhaps a more rigorous(?) translation service might be employed, something like DeepL? Then the 
word/phrase approach (versus others on the same site) might function as a prototype for long-form translations . . . to publish?

In essence, Bohr and Heisenberg argued that science had finally caught up with the conceptual problems involved in the description of reality that philosophers had been warning of for centuries. Bohr is quoted as saying: "There is no quantum world. There is only an abstract quantum physical description. It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about nature." This vaguely positivist statement was echoed by Heisenberg:. "[W]e have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning." 

Their broadly anti-realist "Copenhagen interpretation" "denying" that the wave function represents the real physical state of a quantum system quickly became the dominant way of thinking about quantum mechanics. More recent variations of such anti-realist interpretations suggest that the wave function is simply a way of "coding" our experience, or our subjective beliefs derived from our experience of the physics, allowing us to use what we've learned in the past to predict the future.

The word/phrase display.

In essence, Bohr and Heisenberg argued that
Im Wesentlichen argumentierten Bohr und Heisenberg das

science had finally caught up with the conceptual
Die Wissenschaft hatte endlich das Konzept eingeholt

problems involved in the description of reality
Probleme, die an der Beschreibung der Realität verbunden sind

that philosophers had been warning of for
dass Philosophen vor gewarnt hatten

centuries. Bohr is quoted as saying: "There is no
Jahrhunderte. Bohr wird mit den Worten zitiert: "Es gibt keine

quantum world. There is only an abstract quantum
Quantenwelt. Es gibt nur ein abstraktes Quantum

physical description. It is wrong to think that
Physische Beschreibung. Es ist falsch zu denken, dass

the task of physics is to find out how nature is.
Die Aufgabe der Physik ist es, herauszufinden, wie die Natur ist.

Physics concerns what we can say about nature."
Die Physik betrifft das, was wir über die Natur sagen können. "

This vaguely positivist statement was echoed by
Diese vage positivistische Aussage wurde von wiederholt von

Heisenberg:. "[W]e have to remember that what we
Heisenberg:. "[Wir müssen uns daran erinnern, was wir

observe is not nature in itself but nature
beobachten ist nicht die Natur an sich, sondern die Natur

exposed to our method of questioning."
unserer Befragungsmethode ausgesetzt. "

Their broadly anti-realist "Copenhagen
Ihr weitläufig anti-realistischer "Kopenhagen"

interpretation" "denying" that the wave function
Interpretation "" leugnen ", dass die Wellenfunktion fungiert

represents the real physical state of a quantum
repräsentiert den wirklichen physischen Zustand eines Quanten

system quickly became the dominant way of
Das System wurde schnell zur dominierenden Art von

thinking about quantum mechanics. More recent
Denken Sie an die Quantenmechanik. Neuer

variations of such anti-realist interpretations
Variationen solcher antirrealistischer Interpretationen

suggest that the wave function is simply a way of
Schlagen Sie vor, dass die Wellenfunktion einfach eine Möglichkeit ist

"coding" our experience, or our subjective
"codieren" unsere Erfahrung oder unsere subjektive

beliefs derived from our experience of the
Überzeugungen abgeleitet aus unserer Erfahrung der

physics, allowing us to use what we've learned in
Physik, damit wir das verwenden können, was wir gelernt haben

the past to predict the future.
die Vergangenheit, die Zukunft vorherzusagen.

An enhancement to this display might be to show the target before the source, where one wanted to create an inter-linea for more than personal use. And one of the two might be in a smaller font or colored in some way to reduce distraction/dependence on one rather than the other language. 

Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Some interesting links

 [This post is open-ended. As links become known and are assessed relevant to the discussions here, they will be added. Got something to suggest?] 

https://eurolinguiste.com/interlinear-books-review-a-dual-language-book/

https://interlinearbooks.com/

https://www.alexanderarguelles.com/academy/

https://textanalysisonline.com/nltk-sentence-segmentation 

And here are some more with short notes.

https://readlang.com/
nifty online teaching/learning using interlinear concepts and web page technologies

https://interlinearbooks.com/tools/interlinearizer/
multi-step process on- and off-line, labor intensive

https://paratext.org
multi-step process within a software program using training corpora

https://github.com/gbroques/interlinearizer/blob/main/README.md
may be useful in building interlinear, aligned translations

https://www.lucalampariello.com/create-interlinear-texts/
Imtranslator enthusiast, recommended

https://interlinearbooks.com/tools/interlinearizer/splitter/
text splitter, useful

https://github.com/lukastk/interlinearize
relies on Calibre conversions, looks promising as local/server-side solution for longer works 

Hyrskykari, Aulikki & Majaranta, Päivi & Räihä, Kari-Jouko. (2005). From gaze control to attentive interfaces. Interactive applications that make use of eye tracking have traditionally been based on command-and-control. Applications that make more subtle use of eye gaze have recently become increasingly popular in the domain of attentive interfaces that adapt their behaviour based on the visual attention of the user. We provide a review of the main systems and application domains where this genre of interfaces has been used.

Wednesday, August 27, 2025

OpenAI API key

OpenAI

[Check the OpenAI website for the latest . . . this is an old post.]


Here's a step-by-step guide to obtain an OpenAI API key and considerations for using it in a web application:


---

### **Steps to Get an OpenAI API Key**

#### **1. Create an OpenAI Account**
1. Go to [OpenAI's website](https://openai.com/).
2. Click **Sign Up** to create an account, or **Log In** if you already have one.

#### **2. Access the API Section**
1. Once logged in, navigate to the OpenAI **API Dashboard** at [https://platform.openai.com/](https://platform.openai.com/).
2. Click on your profile picture in the top-right corner and select **API Keys** from the dropdown menu.

#### **3. Generate an API Key**
1. On the API Keys page, click the **Create new secret key** button.
2. A new API key will be generated. Copy the key immediately, as it will only be displayed once.
   - Save the key securely (e.g., in a password manager).

#### **4. Set Up Billing**
1. Go to the **Billing** section in your account settings.
2. Add a valid payment method to enable API usage.
   - Note: OpenAI offers a free trial for new users with a limited amount of credits. Check the specific details on their pricing page.

---

### **Considerations for Using the API Key**

#### **1. **Costs**
- **Pay-as-you-go model**: You will be charged based on usage.
- Refer to OpenAI’s [pricing page](https://openai.com/pricing) to understand the costs per token for different models (e.g., GPT-4, GPT-3.5).
- Monitor usage carefully to avoid unexpected charges by setting usage limits in the **Usage** section of your dashboard.

#### **2. **Rate Limits**
- OpenAI imposes rate limits on API usage. Check your account for specific limits and adjust your use accordingly.

#### **3. **Compliance**
- Review OpenAI's **Usage Policies** to ensure you comply with their guidelines, particularly when dealing with translations that may involve sensitive or copyrighted content.

---

### **Implementation in the Web App**

Users input their API key to perform translation requests. In doing so:

1. **Input Field for API Key**
   - You have a secure input field where you can enter your API key.
   - User's API keys are not saved on the server.

2. **Translation Request**
   -Translations and displays are not guaranteed one hundred percent accurate. 
   -Proofread results. Report any problems . . . so we (OpenAI and the web app provider) can improve.

Monday, August 25, 2025

Client-side web apps--try 'em

 FOR TESTING

Available as they develop.

https://jkm.free.nf/inter-linea

May be deactivated without notice.

Feedback appreciated.

final.copy@yahoo.com



Sunday, August 24, 2025

DIY sentence-by-sentence translation

You have your source text and you have the target translation. However, they are separate, as one would see them side-by-side from, let's say, Google Translate. How do you get a sentence-by-sentence display for closer reading and understanding of your source and its translation?

You can use this tool right here, or from whence it comes, jkm.free.nf/inter-linea/sidebyside.html.

A kind of DIY quick fix kindly made available free.

 

Interlinear Text Display

Enter your source text and translation above, then click "Generate Interlinear" to see the sentence-by-sentence display.